Animal Welfare And Relative Welfare - 4014 Words

Organic Animal Welfare By Jason Hubing University of Wisconsin River Falls ANSC 115 Animal Welfare Dr. Kurt Vogel Scientific Journal Report #2 12/16/2014 Introduction Much can be said about animal welfare, many aspects are relatively new. New topics and avenues of potential research are constantly surfacing. For starters, one idea I’m going to attempt to tackle is an ethical one. Subjective at best in my opinion, it usually doesn’t warrant serious scientific research. The topics I’m suggesting are organic welfare and relative welfare. I’m talking about the range of emotions animals have and how they can be interpreted to best adapt an animal’s environment to maximize their welfare. Several institutions would†¦show more content†¦A consumer could be more inclined to purchase/use a product if they can believe that their product lived a full and happy life. The same criteria can be said for a prospective pet, an owner would want an all-around healthy companion that can display a full range of emotion during the course of its life. Welfare can certainly be relative when you take into account the definition in context. I’m going to pose an argument that for instance an organically raised, grass fed cow can claim a higher quality welfare than a â€Å"stock† cow; one that has been raised in a warehouse, outside of a â€Å"natural† frame of reference (conditions the animal could exist in with minimal human intervention). I’ll even go so far as to say the physical presence of the sun may be a vital component in welfare. It has been documented that lack of sun exposure can lead to vitamin D, and calcium deficiency, various diseases because of that and even depression.[5] The definition of welfare can be measured by the accumulation of positive and negative experiences. Objectively weighing the satisfaction of every need (and possibly want) of the animal in question versus; illnesses, pain, abnormal behavior, and chronic stress, etc. Through these objective measures, an animal’s level of wellbeing can be properly gauged. [3] This makes it fairly easy to me asure welfare since each of these events or categories probably has

Excerpt “On Nonconformity” from Shape of Content by Ben Shahn Free Essays

â€Å"Nonconformity is the basic pre-condition of art, as it is the pre-condition of good thinking and therefore of growth and greatness in a people†¦conformity is derived from the wholly venal business of catering to a popular market† (The Shape of Content, Ben Shahn). This piece of writing speaks of how the general public is in love with works of art, yet at the same time loathes the artists that created them, merely for being a little different than the norm. If art was about â€Å"cookie-cutter† design, then according to the eading, we should all be living in a place similar to Soviet Russia. We will write a custom essay sample on Excerpt â€Å"On Nonconformity† from Shape of Content by Ben Shahn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yes, it is extremely important to lift up and honor the Working Man, but it is wrong to tear apart art movements due to government, religion, sex, race, creed and so on. Art is something which comes from the soul and nonconformity helps to rip these few individualists away from the so-called commoners. Nonconformists explain reality in a way in which is hardly ever described properly. Truthfully. Why over so many years in history were nonconformists persecuted? Did the witch burning public run out of actual threats like invasion from a foreign country or the economy, or health care? Still the artist (nonconformist) pushes forward and creates despite the enterprise of trials and tribunals. A favored line was about a modern day politician that tried to have a design on a boat sail made illegal, yet it turned out to be a legal design created and copyrighted for the Los Angeles Yacht Club. How to cite Excerpt â€Å"On Nonconformity† from Shape of Content by Ben Shahn, Papers

Porple free essay sample

Differentiate among the various types of information systems. Checkpoint Types of Information Systems Compile a list of the various information systems used in your organization or an organization with which you are familiar. Describe the designed function of each. Identify whether the systems are being used effectively. Day 3 Individual The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper Resources: Ch. 2 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems and the University of Phoenix Material: Application Software Review the Center for Writing Excellence. Write a 700- to 1 ,050-word paper describing how information systems are changing various aspects of the accounting profession. Include a description of several new technologies and their effects on accounting processes. Discuss how these technologies have changed the way accounting is performed in your organization or in an organization of your choice. Cite at least two sources in your paper. Follow guidelines in the Center tor Writing Excellence. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. We will write a custom essay sample on Porple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Day 7 1303. 1 Identify major hardware components. 3. 2 Explain the use of accounting software applications. Reading Read Ch. 2 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read Ch. 11 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read Ch. 12 of Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Read this weeks Electronic Reserve Readings.

Stress, Coping Communication Essay Example

Stress, Coping Communication Essay Man is a social animal living in a human culture. In this culture, he has to maintain his social and internal homeostasis in continuous communication with his fellowmen and, especially with key figures in social sub groups to which he belongs. Every society and every social sub group has its own psychosocial stressors that consist of behavior patterns of its members, which require more than the usual cognitive, appraisal, anticipation and adaptive behavior. Successful coping with these stressors leads to gratification, failure to cope leads to frustration. While categorizing stress, good stress or eustress provides stimulation and challenges, and is essential to development, growth and change. Bad stress or distress prompts psychological and physiological changes of an undesirable nature.Some people, however, can withstand, more stress than others. Dr. Hans Selye, founder of modern studies on Stress, revealed that as the stress starts taking its toll there are three very evident stag es through which the person goes through. These phases are: The Alarm, the Resistance, and the Exhaustion phase. The Alarm Phase: The Alarm phase is characterized by the triggering on the Stress Alert System (the fight or flight response). There is thus an over activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and the simultaneous inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system. Alarm is generated in the body and the whole bodies starts preparing for a fight or take a flight. There is a flush of energy, and all activities are speeded up. The pressure is evident and could be seen in his excitement or fear. Adrenaline and cortical increase, blood flows away from brain to muscles, dendrites shrink back in the brain as a way of moderating the flow of information, slowing or shutting down of nonessential body functions (e.g. gastrointestinal and sexual systems)  takes place. The Resistance Phase: There are adaptive efforts by the body to cope with or resolve stressor.Because of the continui ty of the stressful conditions there is depletion of energy, the person feels run down. As the pressure mounts he struggles to meet the various demands expected of him. He starts getting bouts of irritation, there is over-reaction to minor issues, sleep pattern starts getting altered and he starts getting weaker both mentally physically. Others observe very clear physical, psychological and behavioral changes. The Exhaustion Phase: When the stressful condition prolongs, and even after observing distinct symptoms of resistance phase, appropriate measures are not resorted to, then the Exhaustion phase takes over. The person feels fully exhausted tired. This may go even to the extent of absence of all enthusiasm to work or even to live. Psychosomatic diseases take roots.There is emotional breakdown, insomnia, heart BP complications, and host of other very painful symptoms associated with burnout. If stress persists reserves of energy are used. Self-medication and self-comforting co ping skills are utilized.   In an advance stage Energy reserves are depleted. Body systems begin to malfunction and there is a much greater susceptibility to serious illnesses.   Normal process in which the stomach lining constantly replenishes itself to counteract digestive fluids is put on hold. A good example of this comes from management staff of companies. An executive of middle grade in multinational company is not naturally stress resistant or don’t have learned how to handle the pressure without letting it. He shows stress symptoms, like ulcers, high blood pressure, tension, burnout and so on due to great work pressures.There is no single symptom that can identify stress. Physical symptoms occur as your body adapts to perceived physical threat, and are caused by release of adrenaline. Although client may perceive these as unpleasant and negative, they are signs that his body is ready for the explosive action that assists survival or high performance: Dry Mouth, C ool skin, Cold hands and feet Increased sweating, rapid breathing, Faster heart beat, tense muscles, feelings of nausea, or Butterflies in stomach diarrhea a desire to urinate. Long-term physical symptoms occur where client’s body has been exposed to adrenaline over a long period. These symptoms are: Insomnia, change in appetite, sexual disorders, aches and pains, frequent colds, illnesses such as: asthma, low back pain, digestive problems, headaches, feelings of intense and long-term tiredness, Muscle tension, Pains in chest, Muscle spasms or nervous tics, Unexplained rashes or skin irritations Shortness of breath, Sweaty palms.Psychosomatic illnesses are disorders that are rooted in psychological disturbance and distress in day-to-day life, vis-à  -vis personal, family or work. Psychosomatic or Somatoform disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders found in general practice. It is a condition of dysfunction or structural damage in bodily organs through inappr opriate activation of the involuntary nervous system and the glands of internal secretion. Some physical diseases are thought to be particularly prone to be made worse by mental factors such as stress. The commonest form of the psychosomatic illness is gastric ulcers, which can be traced to stress. Hyperactivity, constipation, indigestion or even irritable bowel syndrome most of the time has roots in mental distress. Psychosomatic illness can take any form — even something seemingly unrelated as skin irritation, dermatitis of scalp or even finger infection. ‘‘High adrenaline can spoil your kidneys as well. According to the DSM II classification, psycho-physiologic disorder are Skin disorders, Muscle skeletal disorders, Respiratory disorders, Cardiovascular disorders, Genitourinary disorders, Endocrine disorders, Disorders of organ of special sense Chronic conjunctivitis, Disorder of other types Disturbances in the nervous system in which emotional factors play a significant role, such as multiple sclerosis. Sometimes a physical symptom is a metaphor for the persons psychological problem, as when a person with a broken heart experiences chest pain. Other times, a physical symptom reflects identification with another persons pain.Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events. Coping strategies are employed in a variety of threatening situations. Healthy Ways of Coping with Stress  are- find a quite place and go there, frequently if needed, Write in a Journal, Go for a long walk or run. Notice how your body is feeling, you’re breathing, how your legs are moving. Enjoy being out in nature.  Ã‚  . Laugh uproariously at least once a day. Talk to someonea friend, family member, counselor, or clergy member, even a pet or stuffed animal.General coping strategies have been distinguished as: Appraisal focus strategy approach t o coping is based on a mental process of how the individual appraises the situation. Where the level of appraisal determines the level of stress and the unique coping strategies that the individual partakes. (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). An appraisal is made when the individual makes a conscious evaluation of the matter at hand. The individual asks him/herself What can I do? by evaluating the coping resources around him/her. These resources include, physical resources, such as how healthy one is, or how much energy one has, social resources. There are many ways of to approach coping from a cognitive perspective such as that of constructive and destructive thinking as conceptualized by Epstein and Meier (1989) a similar concept to that of optimistic versus pessimistic (Taylor, 1991). All of us seem to have plenty of should. eg. I should always be nice, I should always be polite, etc., which are the product of our upbringing as well as expectations of ourselves and other people. Discover what your should are and determine if they are realistic or necessary Learn to think differently about things think how a friend with a sense of humor would look at it.Problem-focus strategy is an effort to do something active to alleviate stressful circumstances. Using problem solving approach, the problem solver proceeds through basic steps: Define the problem: Whats wrong? Implement the solution: Fix it! Evaluate the fix: Did it work? In solving problems, person tries to transform a given situation to a desired one, Seeking social support, enhancing time management, improving self-control and become more assertive. For example, people typically employ problem-focused coping to deal with potential controllable problems such as work-related problems and family-related problems. Theres a myriad of different relaxation techniques that can be used to combat stress. The common threads that run through them are that they calm and improve the breathing, relax the muscles, and clear the mind; time management is about setting goals carefully, and then arranging work into high and low priority, depending on how it relates to those goals. We must be ruthless, ensuring that we plan how we can meet the deadlines in our important work as well as work on long-term goals. You have to recognize the symptoms of stress. Next, you have to believe that your thinking can both block and promote your ability to cope.Coping strategies involve restructuring your thoughts Emotion-focused coping strategies involve efforts to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events. Major components of successful emotional coping are awareness of the situations that trigger stress; recognition of developing stress; availability/access to and use of coping strategies. For example, a successful adult with learning disabilities in our study manages her anxiety attacks by recognizing that reading aloud in a group triggers anxiety, physical symptoms such as rapid bre athing are signs of stress, and slow deep breathing reduces her anxiety. The client must use techniques like meditation, using systematic relaxation procedures. For example, stressors perceived as less controllable, such as certain kinds of physical health problems, prompt more emotion-focused coping. Research indicates that people use these types of strategies to combat most stressful events (Folkman Lazarus, 1980).   .Aspects of communication (Verbal Non-Verbal)Communication consists of signals made by one organism that have meaning for other organisms and affect their behavior. Research indicates more communication occurs from body language and the tone of a persons voice than from what is said. Linguists refer to auxiliary communication devices as paralanguage. Communication with people from other societies or ethnic groups is fraught with the danger of misunderstanding if their culture and paralanguage is unknown to you or ignored. The impact of culture-sameness, gender, fo reign travel, and academic background on the ability to interpret facial expression of emotion in others are observed in communication. Verbal communication requires the use of words, vocabulary, numbers and symbols and is organized in sentences using language. Mastering linguistic skill is not reserved for the selected few but is a skill that each and every one should develop to improve relationships and interactions. Everyone’s brain is forever having thoughts and they are primarily with words. Words spoken, listened to or written affect your life as well as others. They have the power to create emotions and move people to take action. When verbal communication is delivered accurately and clearly, you activate the mind and encourage creativity. People can establish leadership and credibility through nonverbal communication skills and environmental factors.A cue is a type of communication used by an adult to let a child know what is expected of him/her in a given situation. Cues are a type of receptive communication. Touch cues are ways an adult can touch a child to communicate a desired action. A sensory cues is some sensory input used to help a child anticipate an event: For example, a smell of lotion before it is applied to the childs arm or the sound of water splashing before placing the child in the bathtub. Object cues are some concrete piece of a routine that is used to represent that routine. Signals are movements the child uses to communicate needs, desires and feelings to adults. Signals are a form of expressive communication. Symbols are representations of an event, action, object, person, or place that can be used to communicate about the event, action, object, person, or place. Symbols can be used for both receptive and expressive communication.The first habit of good listening is to pay attention to the person who is speaking. Good listening includes acting in a way that is considerate of the other person. As a part of listening, you shou ld seek to help the person feel good about them. You must also be aware of cultural differences. Body postures, eye contact, distance between people, may all mean different things to people from different cultures. Listen for the persons entire meaning rather than to simply understand content. Pay full attention to nonverbal cues and the tone of the persons voice. To deepen your individual and the groups understanding of a persons message, consider reflecting back to the member without judging or evaluating. The important factors constitutes for effective speaking are Your audience is there to hear your message, relax and deliver that message, instead of focusing on yourself, make sure that your speech is right for your audience. Set good examples and encourage the young people to take responsibility for their future, be natural and animated. Use hand gestures, drink water, and move around a little, make eye contact with the audience, Practice your speech ahead of time.

Photon Definition

Photon Definition Photon Definition: A photon is a discrete packet of energy associated with electromagnetic radiation (light). A photon has energy E which is proportional to the frequency ÃŽ ½ of the radiation: E hÃŽ ½, where h is Plancks constant. Also Known As: quantum, quanta (plural) Characteristics Photons are unique in that they have characteristics of both particles and waves at the same time. For students, it remains unclear as to whether a photon is a particle that travels in a wave pattern or a wave broken up into particles. Most scientists simply accept the photon as a unique packet of energy that has characteristics of both waves and particles. Properties of a Photon Behaves like a particle and a wave, simultaneouslyMoves at a constant  velocity,  c   2.9979 x 108  m/s (i.e. the speed of light), in empty spaceHas zero mass and rest energyCarries energy and momentum, which are also related to the frequency (nu)  and wavelength  (lamdba)  of the electromagnetic wave, as expressed by the equation  E  Ã‚  h nu  and  p  Ã‚  h  /  lambda.Can be destroyed/created when radiation is absorbed/emitted.Can have particle-like interactions (i.e. collisions) with electrons and other particles, such as in the  Compton effect  in which particles of light collide with atoms, causing the release of electrons.

Creative Tips on How to Handle a Science Research Essay

Creative Tips on How to Handle a Science Research Essay Creativity should take center stage in any class assignment you are working on. It attracts the attention of all your readers, leading to creating satisfaction. This alone increases your chances of receiving good scores from your work. So how do you become creative in such a complicated assignment? Read on to find out. Here is How to Write a Science Research Essay Most people sweat at the mention of a research paper. Perhaps they are justified since this document follows strict guidelines. You might be overwhelmed by the strenuous research activities involved unless you are well-prepared for the exercise. Maybe you don’t know what to write or how to write it. However, as you will discover through this article, research essays are not that hard. You dont need a high IQ to handle it. All that is required is a mastery of a few simple tricks and structures presented here. We hope that you will have a complete mind change once you are done reading this detailed article. Learn How to Start a Science Research Essay The hardest part of any research article is in how to write the intro sections. Finding the right words to use at the start is always a tricky affair. You spend the first few minutes writing and rubbing whatever you have written before you get it all right. Since you already know what is a science research essay, we need to dive deeper into what a good study entails. We will not just focus on how to start a paper as you also need to know how to end it. Here is the structure you should use when writing a science research essay. Title Page: A title comes at the start of every article. It gives enough information on what you will be talking about. Be specific rather than general when forming your topic. The more detailed it is, the better. It is only after doing this that you will begin your journey on how to write a good science research essay. Abstract: This is a summary of what the topic is all about. It should not be confused with the introduction. An abstract must be brief though detailed enough to help your readers understand what your study entails. In other words, anyone who for some reason, is unable to read your article to the end can still get enough information from the abstract. Introduction: Provide detailed background information on the study topic in this section. Include the aim and purpose of your study. You should also provide an outline to show the structure of your paper, where appropriate. The Body: This is in three major parts that include methods, results, and discussion. Use it to provide details regarding your study. A reader must be able to see how you conducted the exercise, the tools used, the outcomes, and how they are related to your hypothesis. Conclusion: This wraps ups everything. You have to relate it to the objectives of your paper. Someone reading your conclusion should see all the crucial points upon which you based your argument and relate them to your thesis. Try being brief and straightforward when drafting your conclusion. Also, don’t make a mistake of adding new information not discussed in the article in this section. There you go. You now have enough information on how to write a science research essay step by step. We are hopeful that you have found help through the information provided here. Please read the remaining section for more information It is equally important. Amazing Tips for Writing a Science Research Essay There are different tips on how to handle an assignment. Some only show you how to begin science research, while others are more detailed. Here are tips to trigger your creativity: Find some peaceful place where you can think without any distraction. You can visit a park, quiet beach, or go to a field. Let your mind relax as you focus on all the things you find inspirational. Choose what excites you the most. It might be something about a particular species of flowers. Or maybe it might be certain animals. Find out what you would like to know about them. Put it all down in writing. This means you should have a pen and notebook with you. Come up with as many questions as you can regarding your subject. These questions are crucial in any scientific research as they help you form your hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction of what you expect from any research. It is the answer you provide for a question that you are yet to solve. Next is to collect enough information related to your selected topic. You will use the data to test your hypothesis. Again, every data should be written down for future reference. Never assume that you will remember everything. Finally, retreat from your cocoon and begin writing a draft based on all the ideas and information you have gathered. The sooner you start, the better since information always makes more sense when it is still fresh in mind. Can you confidently say that you now know how to make a science research essay? Follow these simple ideas, and you will, in no time, be a guru in the creation of academic papers. Make this as adventurous as you can to free your mind from the boredom of working in a classroom setting. Just ensure that you remain relaxed throughout the process. Work with a Professional If you are still struggling with your research document, then you should consider hiring the services of an academic writer. You will receive timely services, even for urgent assignments. Most companies have 24/7 support on standby to address your concerns. You also enjoy numerous bonuses as a new customer. There are more bonuses for loyal customers as well. Professional writers can handle even the most complex task. This is partly because each writer has the right academic qualification. 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The Ethics of Hardball Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethics of Hardball - Research Paper Example 14). Therefore, applying the case of Home Depot, their decision to limit any increase in prices of their products especially during the anticipation of Hurricane Andrew still paid off in the long run. As emphasized, â€Å"although prices increased early in anticipation of Hurricane Andrew, Home Depot was still able, with the cooperation of suppliers, to sell half-inch plywood sheets for $10.15 after the hurricane, compared with a price of $8.65 before, thereby limiting the increase to less than 18 percent. Home Depot executives explained their decision as an act of good ethics by not profiting from human misery† (Braybrook, 1983, p. 12). By taking into consideration the interests of the society and the general public, and the scenario at hand, businesses could make good and ethical decisions by evaluating the repercussions of their actions on a longer perspective basis. †¢ Should businesses be held morally accountable applying different standards than we use to assess others in a society? Why or why not? Explain your position. According to the topic on The Relationship between Ethics and the Law, it was disclosed that â€Å"business activity takes place within an extensive framework of law, and some people hold that law is the only set of rules that applies to business activity. Law, not ethics, is the only relevant guide† (Braybrook, 1983, p. 14). Therefore, businesses are expected to be governed by ethical and moral standards; and should be held morally accountable for the various decisions made. Concurrently, despite legal standards that prevail and continue to be the primary basis for decision-making, both ethical and moral standards must be integrated and incorporated in the process. †¢ Is it inherently unethical to make business decisions that add long-term value to the business and which do not violate law or social convention? Why or why not? Explain your position. It is not inherently unethical to make business decisions that add long-term value